الفرق بين Defining and ndefining clauses
مجتمع رجيم / النقاش العام
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defining and n-defining clauses هي عبارة عن أشباه جمل تبدأ بكلمات مثل
who/whom /which/whose
وغيرها وتأتي بعد الاسم لتصفه
اذا كانت Defining يعني
محددة ومعرّفة للاسم
فلا يجوز حذفها لأن المعنى يتأثر
مثال
man is my far
هنا لو قلت
الرجل أبي
هل حددت وعرّفت الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه؟؟؟
الجواب :لا
لكن عندما أقول
man who standing re is my far
الرجل الذي يقف هناك هو أبي
هنا حدّدت الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه
و هو الذي يقف هناك
فشبه الجملة
who is standing re
نسميها Defining clause
لأنها ساعدتني في أن أحدد و أعرّف الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه
ولو حذفتها لأصبح المعنى غامضاً على السامع لذلك
لا يجوز أن أحذفها لأنها تحدد و توضح المعنى
أما ال
n-defining clause
فهي لا تساعدني في تحديد الاسم
وإنما تعطيني معلومات أكثر عنه
مثال
Rabat is capital of Morocco
الرباط عاصمة المملكالمغرب
هذه جملة واضحة ومحددة
لكن لو قلت
Rabat, which is a big city, is capital of Morocco
هنا أضفت شبه الجملة
which is a big city
و وضعتها بين فاصلتين لأشير الى عدم أهمية هذه الجملة و التي تعطيني فقط
معلومات إضافية عن الرباط
و هي أنها مدينة كبيرة
ولو حذفت which is a big city
لما تأثر المعنى في ذهن السامع
وباختصار
defining clause
لا يجوز حذفها ولا يجوز وضعها بين فاصلتين
n-defining clause
يجوز حذفها لأنها فقط تعطينا معلومات إضافية عن الاسم، كما أنه يجب أن نضعها بين فاصلتين لنبين عدم أهميتها و جواز حذفها ، كما يجوز ان لا نضعها بين فاصلتين انما نكتفي بفاصلة واحده (تابع الأمثلة في نهاية الدرس).
وباختصار اكثر يمكننا اتباع القاعدة التالية:
1) Defining Means:– important (جملة هامة)
– can’t be deleted (لا يمكن حذفها)
– “that” can’t be used (لا يمكن وضع that بدل الضمائر الموصولة)
– NO Commas (لا يوجد فواصل في الجملة)
2) N-Defining Means:
– not important
(جملة غير هامة)
– can be deleted (يمكن حذفها)
– “that” can be used (يمكن وضع that بدل الضمائر الموصولة)
– We must use commas (يجب يجب يجب .. ان يكون هناك فاصلة في الجملة)
والآن نأتي للأمثلة:
اولا: امثلة وتمرينات على Defining Clauses:
Defining Relative clauses Exercise
1- That’s girl. She spoke to me yesterday.
Correct answer:
That’s girl who spoke to me yesterday.
2- What’s name of book? You want me to read it.Correct answers:
What’s name of book (that) you want me to read?
What’s name of book (which) you want me to read?
What’s name of book you want me to read?
3- hotel we stayed in. hotel was very expensive.
Correct answers:
hotel we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel (which) we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel (that) we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel where we stayed was very expensive.
4- I rent a house. It is very small.
Correct answers:
house I rent is very small.
house (which) I rent is very small.
house (that) I rent is very small.
5- car was stolen. It was a BMW.
Correct answers:
car which was stolen was a BMW.
car that was stolen was a BMW.
6- man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack.
Correct answers:
man who died of a heart attack smoked forty cigarettes a day.
man who smoked forty cigarettes a day died of a heart attack.
7- That’s building. I work re.
Correct answers:
That’s building where I work.
8- That’s boy. His mor works in office.
Correct answers:
That’s boy whose mor works in office.
9- businessman was very rich. I saw him last night.
Correct answers:
businessman I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (whom) I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (who) I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (that) I saw last night was very rich.
10- That’s dog. Its owner is French.
Correct answer:
That’s dog whose owner is French.
ثانيا: امثلة وتمرينات على N-Defining Clauses:
N-Defining Relative clauses Exercise
1- re is a hotel doctor call,
who will provide emergency medical treatment.
2- re is a team of highly qualified secretaries available,
who will help you with your paperwork.3- re is 24 hour room service,
which provides an excellent selecti of snacks and drinks.
4- re is a typical English pub,
where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.
5- re is a gymnasium in ment,
where you can keep fit.
6- re is a qualified chiropodist available,
who provides a manicure service in your room.
7- We have a ticket reservati service,
where you can get seats for all hit shows.
8- re is a top class hairdressing sal ground floor,
where you can get your hair de.
9- re is a typical English fish and chip restaurant,
where you can have cod and chips.
10- If you have a problem, ctact senior receptiist,
who will deal with it as a top priority.
11- re is a fax machine at frt desk,
where you can send and receive faxes.
12- re is a dry-cleaning service available,
which will clean your clos overnight.
13- Be sure to speak to our tourist guide,
who will tell you about interesting places to visit.
14- re is a sauna in hotel,
where you can sweat out dirt from City.
15- re is a night club in hotel,
where you can unwind over a few drinks.
16- re is a five-star restaurant,
where you can relax over a gourmet meal.
17- re is a trained nursery nurse available,
who will look after your small children whilst you go shopping.
18- re is a shuttle bus service,
which will take you to and from airport.
19- For a late drink, come to our night-club,
which stays open until 4.00 a.m.
20- For that perfect gift, come to our gift shop,
where you can buy goods at duty free prices.
[/FT]
: منتدى الحياة الزوجية | دليل النساء المتزوجات | الثقافة الزوجية والعائلية - من قسم: منتدى اللغات - اللغه الانجليزية - اللغة الفرنسية - اللغة الالمانية
defining and n-defining clauses هي عبارة عن أشباه جمل تبدأ بكلمات مثل
who/whom /which/whose
وغيرها وتأتي بعد الاسم لتصفه
اذا كانت Defining يعني
محددة ومعرّفة للاسم
فلا يجوز حذفها لأن المعنى يتأثر
مثال
man is my far
هنا لو قلت
الرجل أبي
هل حددت وعرّفت الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه؟؟؟
الجواب :لا
لكن عندما أقول
man who standing re is my far
الرجل الذي يقف هناك هو أبي
هنا حدّدت الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه
و هو الذي يقف هناك
فشبه الجملة
who is standing re
نسميها Defining clause
لأنها ساعدتني في أن أحدد و أعرّف الرجل الذي أتحدث عنه
ولو حذفتها لأصبح المعنى غامضاً على السامع لذلك
لا يجوز أن أحذفها لأنها تحدد و توضح المعنى
أما ال
n-defining clause
فهي لا تساعدني في تحديد الاسم
وإنما تعطيني معلومات أكثر عنه
مثال
Rabat is capital of Morocco
الرباط عاصمة المملكالمغرب
هذه جملة واضحة ومحددة
لكن لو قلت
Rabat, which is a big city, is capital of Morocco
هنا أضفت شبه الجملة
which is a big city
و وضعتها بين فاصلتين لأشير الى عدم أهمية هذه الجملة و التي تعطيني فقط
معلومات إضافية عن الرباط
و هي أنها مدينة كبيرة
ولو حذفت which is a big city
لما تأثر المعنى في ذهن السامع
وباختصار
defining clause
لا يجوز حذفها ولا يجوز وضعها بين فاصلتين
n-defining clause
يجوز حذفها لأنها فقط تعطينا معلومات إضافية عن الاسم، كما أنه يجب أن نضعها بين فاصلتين لنبين عدم أهميتها و جواز حذفها ، كما يجوز ان لا نضعها بين فاصلتين انما نكتفي بفاصلة واحده (تابع الأمثلة في نهاية الدرس).
وباختصار اكثر يمكننا اتباع القاعدة التالية:
1) Defining Means:– important (جملة هامة)
– can’t be deleted (لا يمكن حذفها)
– “that” can’t be used (لا يمكن وضع that بدل الضمائر الموصولة)
– NO Commas (لا يوجد فواصل في الجملة)
2) N-Defining Means:
– not important
(جملة غير هامة)
– can be deleted (يمكن حذفها)
– “that” can be used (يمكن وضع that بدل الضمائر الموصولة)
– We must use commas (يجب يجب يجب .. ان يكون هناك فاصلة في الجملة)
والآن نأتي للأمثلة:
اولا: امثلة وتمرينات على Defining Clauses:
Defining Relative clauses Exercise
1- That’s girl. She spoke to me yesterday.
Correct answer:
That’s girl who spoke to me yesterday.
2- What’s name of book? You want me to read it.Correct answers:
What’s name of book (that) you want me to read?
What’s name of book (which) you want me to read?
What’s name of book you want me to read?
3- hotel we stayed in. hotel was very expensive.
Correct answers:
hotel we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel (which) we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel (that) we stayed in was very expensive.
hotel where we stayed was very expensive.
4- I rent a house. It is very small.
Correct answers:
house I rent is very small.
house (which) I rent is very small.
house (that) I rent is very small.
5- car was stolen. It was a BMW.
Correct answers:
car which was stolen was a BMW.
car that was stolen was a BMW.
6- man smoked forty cigarettes a day. He died of a heart attack.
Correct answers:
man who died of a heart attack smoked forty cigarettes a day.
man who smoked forty cigarettes a day died of a heart attack.
7- That’s building. I work re.
Correct answers:
That’s building where I work.
8- That’s boy. His mor works in office.
Correct answers:
That’s boy whose mor works in office.
9- businessman was very rich. I saw him last night.
Correct answers:
businessman I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (whom) I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (who) I saw last night was very rich.
businessman (that) I saw last night was very rich.
10- That’s dog. Its owner is French.
Correct answer:
That’s dog whose owner is French.
ثانيا: امثلة وتمرينات على N-Defining Clauses:
N-Defining Relative clauses Exercise
1- re is a hotel doctor call,
who will provide emergency medical treatment.
2- re is a team of highly qualified secretaries available,
who will help you with your paperwork.3- re is 24 hour room service,
which provides an excellent selecti of snacks and drinks.
4- re is a typical English pub,
where you can enjoy a pint of bitter.
5- re is a gymnasium in ment,
where you can keep fit.
6- re is a qualified chiropodist available,
who provides a manicure service in your room.
7- We have a ticket reservati service,
where you can get seats for all hit shows.
8- re is a top class hairdressing sal ground floor,
where you can get your hair de.
9- re is a typical English fish and chip restaurant,
where you can have cod and chips.
10- If you have a problem, ctact senior receptiist,
who will deal with it as a top priority.
11- re is a fax machine at frt desk,
where you can send and receive faxes.
12- re is a dry-cleaning service available,
which will clean your clos overnight.
13- Be sure to speak to our tourist guide,
who will tell you about interesting places to visit.
14- re is a sauna in hotel,
where you can sweat out dirt from City.
15- re is a night club in hotel,
where you can unwind over a few drinks.
16- re is a five-star restaurant,
where you can relax over a gourmet meal.
17- re is a trained nursery nurse available,
who will look after your small children whilst you go shopping.
18- re is a shuttle bus service,
which will take you to and from airport.
19- For a late drink, come to our night-club,
which stays open until 4.00 a.m.
20- For that perfect gift, come to our gift shop,
where you can buy goods at duty free prices.
[/FT]
: منتدى الحياة الزوجية | دليل النساء المتزوجات | الثقافة الزوجية والعائلية - من قسم: منتدى اللغات - اللغه الانجليزية - اللغة الفرنسية - اللغة الالمانية
align="left">hgtvr fdk Defining and ndefining clauses
