موضوع عن المسجد الاقصى باللغة الانجليزية
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[FT=Arial]موضوع عن المسجد الاقصى باللغة الانجليزية
Al-Aqsa Mosque
.
Locati
Old City, Jerusalem
Established
705 CE
Administrati
Waqf
Leadership
Imam(s):
Yousef Abu Sneineh
Muhammad Ahmad Hussein
Ekrima Sa'id Sabri
Architectural informati
Style
Early Islamic, Mamluk
Capacity
5,000
Dome(s)
2
Minaret(s)
4
Minaret height
37 meters (121 ft) (tallest)
Materials
Limeste (external walls, minaret, facade) stalactite (minaret), lead (dome), white marble (interior columns)
Al-Aqsa Mosque:also known as al-Aqsa, is an Islamic holy place in Old City of Jerusalem. site that includes mosque (alg with Dome of Rock) is also referred to as al-Haram ash-Sharif or "Sacred Noble Sanctuary", a site also known as Temple Mount, holiest site in Judaism, place where and Secd Temples are generally accepted to have stood.[1][2] Widely csidered as third holiest site in Sunni Islam, Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al-Aqsa during Night Journey.[3] Islamic traditi holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until seventeenth mth after emigrati, when God ordered him to turn towards Ka'aba.[4]
According to Islamic belief, Jacob, s of Isaac, was to build Mosque as a House of God. Kaaba in Mecca was House of Worship to God, and Masjid Al-Aqsa (Bayt Al-Maqdis) was secd. Originally built by Jacob and greatly expanded and renovated by King Solom, Mosque was destroyed twice.
al-Aqsa Mosque was originally a small prayer house built by Rashidun caliph Umar, but was rebuilt and expanded by Ummayad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his s al-Walid in 705 CE.[5] After an earthquake in 746, mosque was completely destroyed and rebuilt by Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754, and again rebuilt by his successor al-Mahdi in 780. Anor earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built anor mosque which has stood to present-day. During periodic renovatis undertaken, various ruling dynasties of Islamic Caliphate cstructed additis to mosque and its precincts, such as its dome, facade, its minbar, minarets and interior structure. When Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, y used mosque as a palace and church, but its functi as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin. More renovatis, repairs and additis were undertaken in later centuries by Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, Supreme Muslim Council, and Jordan. Today, Old City is under Israeli ctrol, but mosque remains under administrati of Palestinian-led Islamic waqf.
Etymology":
Masjid al-Aqsa translates from Arabic into English as " farst mosque", Its name refers to a chapter of Qur'an called " Night Journey" in which it is said that Muhammad traveled from Mecca to " farst mosque", and n up to Heaven a flying beast called al-Buraq al-Sharif.[6][7] "Farst" as used in this ctext means "farst from Mecca."
For centuries, al-Masjid al-Aqsa referred not ly to mosque, but to entire sacred sanctuary. This changed during period of Ottoman rule (c. early 16th century to 1918) when sanctuary complex came to be known as al Haram ash-Sharif, and mosque founded by Umar came to be known as al-Jami' al-Aqsa or al-Aqsa Mosque.
History:
Pre-cstructi:
Mosque is located in Temple Mount enclosure expanded by King Herod Great beginning in 20 BCE. Residing an artificial platform, mosque is supported by arches cstructed by Herod's engineers to overcome difficult topographic cditis resulting from southward expansi of enclosure into Tyropoe and Kidr valleys. At time of Secd Temple, present site of mosque was occupied by Royal Stoa, a basilica running sourn wall of enclosure.[10] Royal Stoa was destroyed alg with Temple during sack of Jerusalem by Romans in 70 CE. Emperor Justinian built a Christian church site in 530s which was csecrated to Virgin Mary and named "Church of Our Lady". church was later destroyed by Khosrau II, Sassanian emperor, in early 7th century and left in ruins.]
Cstructi by Umayyads:
mosque alg sourn wall of Temple Mount
It is unknown exactly when al-Aqsa Mosque was cstructed and who ordered its cstructi, but it is certain that it was built in early Ummayad period of rule in Palestine. Architectural historian K. A. C. Creswell, referring to a testimy by Gallicmk, Arculf, of his pilgrimage to Palestine in 679–82, notes that it is possible that Umar erected a primitive quadrangular building for a capacity of 3,000 worshipers somewhere Haram ash-Sharif or Temple Mount. Arculf, however, visited Palestine during reign of Mu'awiyah I, and it is possible that Mu'awiyah ordered cstructi, not Umar. This latter claim is explicitly supported by early Muslim scholar al-Muthahhar bin Tahir.[12] Analysis of wooden beams and panels removed from building during renovatis in 1930s shows y are made from Cedar of Leban and cypress. Radiocarb dating indicates a large range of ages, some as old as 9th century BCE, showing that some of wood had previously been used in older buildings.
According to several Muslim scholars, including Mujir ad-Din, al-Suyuti, and al-Muqaddasi, mosque was recstructed and expanded by caliph Abd al-Malik in 690 alg with Dome of Rock.[12][14] Guy le Strange claims that Abd al-Malik used materials from destroyed Church of Our Lady to build mosque and points to possible evidence that substructures souast corners of mosque are remains of church.[14] In planning his magnificent project Temple Mount, which in effect would turn entire complex into Haram al-Sharif (" Noble Sanctuary"), Abd al-Malik wanted to replace slipshod structure described by Arculf with a more sheltered structure enclosing qibla, a necessary element in his grand scheme. However, entire Haram al-Sharif was meant to represent a mosque. How much he modified aspect of earlier building is unknown, but length of new building is indicated by existence of traces of a bridge leading from Umayyad palace just south of western part of complex. bridge would have spanned street running just outside sourn wall of Haram al-Sharif to give direct access to mosque. Direct access from palace to mosque was a well-known feature in Umayyad period, as evidenced at various early sites. Abd al-Malik shifted central axis of mosque some 40 meters (131 ft) westward, in accord with his overall plan for Haram al-Sharif. earlier axis is represented in structure by niche still known as "mihrab of 'Umar". In placing emphasis Dome of Rock, Abd al-Malik had his architects align his new al-Aqsa Mosque according to positi of Rock, thus shifting main north–south axis of Temple Mount, a line running through Dome of Chain and Mihrab of Umar.
In ctrast, Creswell, while referring to Aphrodito Papyri, claims that Abd al-Malik's s, al-Walid I, recstructed Aqsa Mosque over a period of six mths to a year, using workers from Damascus. Most scholars agree that mosque's recstructi was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completi. In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying eastern secti of mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule. In order to finance its recstructi, al-Walid had gold from dome of Rock minted to use as mey to purchase material.[12] Umayyad-built al-Aqsa Mosque most likely measured 112 x 39 meters.[15]
Earthquakes and re-cstructi:
facade and porch of mosque were cstructed and expanded by Fatimids, Crusaders, Mamluks and Ayyubids
In 746, al-Aqsa Mosque was damaged in an earthquake, four years before as-Saffah overthrew Ummayads and established Abbasid Caliphate. secd Abbasid caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur declared his intent to repair mosque in 753, and he had gold and silver plaques that covered gates of mosque removed and turned into dinars and dirhams to finance recstructi which ended in 771. A secd earthquake damaged most of al-Mansur's repairs, excluding those made in sourn porti in 774.[14][16] In 780, successor caliph Muhammad al-Mahdi had it rebuilt, but curtailed its length and increased its breadth.[14][17] Al-Mahdi's renovati is known to have written records describing it. In 985, Jerusalem-born Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi recorded that renovated mosque had "fifteen naves and fifteen gates".
In 1033, re was anor earthquake, severely damaging mosque. Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir rebuilt and completely renovated mosque between 1034 and 1036. number of naves was drastically reduced from fifteen to seven. Az-Zahir built four arcades of central hall and aisle, which presently serve as foundati of mosque. central aisle was double width of or aisles and had a large gable roof up which dome—made of wood —was cstructed.[12]
Jerusalem was captured by Crusaders in 1099, during Crusade. Instead of destroying mosque—which y called "Solom's Temple"— Crusaders used it as a royal palace and as a stable for horses. In 1119, it was transformed into headquarters for Templar Knights. During this period, mosque underwent some structural changes, including expansi of its norrn porch, and additi of an apse and a dividing wall. A new cloister and church were also built at site, alg with various or structures.[19] Templars cstructed vaulted western and eastern annexes to building; western currently serves as women's mosque and eastern as Islamic Museum.[16]
After Ayyubids under leadership of Saladin recquered Jerusalem after besieging it in 1187, several repairs were undertaken at al-Aqsa Mosque.[21] Saladin's predecessor— Zengid sultan Nur al-Din—had commissied cstructi of a new minbar or "pulpit" made of ivory and wood in 1168–69, but it was completed after his death; Nur ad-Din's minbar was added to mosque in November 1187 by Saladin.[22] Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built norrn porch of mosque with three gates in 1218. In 1345, Mamluks under al-Kamil Shaban added two naves and two gates to mosque's eastern side.[16]
After Ottomans seized power in 1517, y did not undertake any major renovatis or repairs to mosque itself, but y did to Temple Mount as a whole. This included building of Fountain of Qasim Pasha (1527), restorati of Pool of Raranj, and building of three free-standing domes— most notable being Dome of Prophet built in 1538. All cstructi was ordered by Ottoman governors of Jerusalem and not sultans mselves.[23] sultans did make additis to existing minarets, however.[23]
Modern era:
dome of mosque in 1982. It was made of aluminum (and looked like silver), but replaced with its original lead plating in 1983
renovati of 20th century occurred in 1922, when Supreme Muslim Council under Amin al-Husayni hired Ahmet Kemalettin Bey—a Turkish architect—to restore al-Aqsa Mosque and muments in its precincts. council also commissied British architects, Egyptian experts and local officials to ctribute to and oversee repairs and additis which were carried out in 1924–25 under Kemalettin's supervisi. renovatis included reinforcing mosque's ancient Ummayad foundatis, rectifying interior columns, replacing beams, erecting a scaffolding, cserving arches and drum of dome interior, rebuilding sourn wall, and replacing timber in central nave with a slab of ccrete. renovatis also revealed Fatimid-era mosaics and inscriptis interior arches that had been covered with plasterwork. arches were decorated with green-tinted gypsum and gold and ir timber tie beams were replaced with brass. A quarter of stained glass windows also were carefully renewed so as to preserve ir original Abbasid and Fatimid designs.[24] Severe damage was caused by 1927 and 1937 earthquakes, but mosque was repaired in 1938 and 1942.
Inscripti above Qibla, Aqsa mosque, depicting Fatimid
mosque seen from Western Wall plaza, 2005
August 21, 1969, a fire occurred inside al-Aqsa Mosque that gutted souastern wing of mosque. Amg or things, fire destroyed Saladin's minbar.[22] Initially, Palestinians blamed Israeli authorities for fire, and some Israelis blamed Fatah, alleging y had started fire so as to blame Israelis and provoke hostility. However, fire was started by neir Fatah nor Israel, but a tourist from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan. Rohan was a member of an evangelical Christian sect known as Worldwide Church of God.[25] He hoped that by burning down al-Aqsa Mosque he would hasten Secd Coming of Jesus, making way for rebuilding of Jewish Temple Temple Mount. Rohan was hospitalized in a mental instituti, found to be insane and was later deported.[26] attack al-Aqsa is cited as e of catalysts for formati of Organizati of Islamic Cference in 1971, which brought toger 57 Islamic countries.]In 1980s, Ben Shoshan and Yehuda Etzi, both members of Gush Emunim Underground, plotted to blow up al-Aqsa mosque and Dome of Rock. Etzi believed that blowing up two mosques would cause a spiritual awakening in Israel, and would solve all problems of Jewish people. y also hoped Third Temple of Jerusalem would be built locati of mosque.[28][29] January 15, 1988, during Intifada, Israeli troops fired rubber bullets and tear gas at protesters outside mosque, wounding 40 worshipers.[30][31] October 8, 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed and over 100 ors injured by Israeli Border Police during riots that were triggered by announcement of Temple Mount Faithful, a fringe group of religious Jews, that y were going to lay cornerste of Third Temple.[32][33]
Architecture:
[/FT][FT=Traditial Arabic][FT=Arial] rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts are 144,000 square meters (1,550,003.1 sq ft), although mosque itself is about 35,000 square meters (376,736.9 sq ft) and could hold up to 5,000 worshipers.[34][35] It is 272 feet (83 m) lg, 184 feet (56 m) wide[/FT].[/FT]
</ul>Al-Aqsa Mosque
.
Locati
Old City, Jerusalem
Established
705 CE
Administrati
Waqf
Leadership
Imam(s):
Yousef Abu Sneineh
Muhammad Ahmad Hussein
Ekrima Sa'id Sabri
Architectural informati
Style
Early Islamic, Mamluk
Capacity
5,000
Dome(s)
2
Minaret(s)
4
Minaret height
37 meters (121 ft) (tallest)
Materials
Limeste (external walls, minaret, facade) stalactite (minaret), lead (dome), white marble (interior columns)
Al-Aqsa Mosque:also known as al-Aqsa, is an Islamic holy place in Old City of Jerusalem. site that includes mosque (alg with Dome of Rock) is also referred to as al-Haram ash-Sharif or "Sacred Noble Sanctuary", a site also known as Temple Mount, holiest site in Judaism, place where and Secd Temples are generally accepted to have stood.[1][2] Widely csidered as third holiest site in Sunni Islam, Muslims believe that Muhammad was transported from Sacred Mosque in Mecca to al-Aqsa during Night Journey.[3] Islamic traditi holds that Muhammad led prayers towards this site until seventeenth mth after emigrati, when God ordered him to turn towards Ka'aba.[4]
According to Islamic belief, Jacob, s of Isaac, was to build Mosque as a House of God. Kaaba in Mecca was House of Worship to God, and Masjid Al-Aqsa (Bayt Al-Maqdis) was secd. Originally built by Jacob and greatly expanded and renovated by King Solom, Mosque was destroyed twice.
al-Aqsa Mosque was originally a small prayer house built by Rashidun caliph Umar, but was rebuilt and expanded by Ummayad caliph Abd al-Malik and finished by his s al-Walid in 705 CE.[5] After an earthquake in 746, mosque was completely destroyed and rebuilt by Abbasid caliph al-Mansur in 754, and again rebuilt by his successor al-Mahdi in 780. Anor earthquake destroyed most of al-Aqsa in 1033, but two years later Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir built anor mosque which has stood to present-day. During periodic renovatis undertaken, various ruling dynasties of Islamic Caliphate cstructed additis to mosque and its precincts, such as its dome, facade, its minbar, minarets and interior structure. When Crusaders captured Jerusalem in 1099, y used mosque as a palace and church, but its functi as a mosque was restored after its recapture by Saladin. More renovatis, repairs and additis were undertaken in later centuries by Ayyubids, Mamluks, Ottomans, Supreme Muslim Council, and Jordan. Today, Old City is under Israeli ctrol, but mosque remains under administrati of Palestinian-led Islamic waqf.
Etymology":
Masjid al-Aqsa translates from Arabic into English as " farst mosque", Its name refers to a chapter of Qur'an called " Night Journey" in which it is said that Muhammad traveled from Mecca to " farst mosque", and n up to Heaven a flying beast called al-Buraq al-Sharif.[6][7] "Farst" as used in this ctext means "farst from Mecca."
For centuries, al-Masjid al-Aqsa referred not ly to mosque, but to entire sacred sanctuary. This changed during period of Ottoman rule (c. early 16th century to 1918) when sanctuary complex came to be known as al Haram ash-Sharif, and mosque founded by Umar came to be known as al-Jami' al-Aqsa or al-Aqsa Mosque.
History:
Pre-cstructi:
Mosque is located in Temple Mount enclosure expanded by King Herod Great beginning in 20 BCE. Residing an artificial platform, mosque is supported by arches cstructed by Herod's engineers to overcome difficult topographic cditis resulting from southward expansi of enclosure into Tyropoe and Kidr valleys. At time of Secd Temple, present site of mosque was occupied by Royal Stoa, a basilica running sourn wall of enclosure.[10] Royal Stoa was destroyed alg with Temple during sack of Jerusalem by Romans in 70 CE. Emperor Justinian built a Christian church site in 530s which was csecrated to Virgin Mary and named "Church of Our Lady". church was later destroyed by Khosrau II, Sassanian emperor, in early 7th century and left in ruins.]
Cstructi by Umayyads:
mosque alg sourn wall of Temple Mount
It is unknown exactly when al-Aqsa Mosque was cstructed and who ordered its cstructi, but it is certain that it was built in early Ummayad period of rule in Palestine. Architectural historian K. A. C. Creswell, referring to a testimy by Gallicmk, Arculf, of his pilgrimage to Palestine in 679–82, notes that it is possible that Umar erected a primitive quadrangular building for a capacity of 3,000 worshipers somewhere Haram ash-Sharif or Temple Mount. Arculf, however, visited Palestine during reign of Mu'awiyah I, and it is possible that Mu'awiyah ordered cstructi, not Umar. This latter claim is explicitly supported by early Muslim scholar al-Muthahhar bin Tahir.[12] Analysis of wooden beams and panels removed from building during renovatis in 1930s shows y are made from Cedar of Leban and cypress. Radiocarb dating indicates a large range of ages, some as old as 9th century BCE, showing that some of wood had previously been used in older buildings.
According to several Muslim scholars, including Mujir ad-Din, al-Suyuti, and al-Muqaddasi, mosque was recstructed and expanded by caliph Abd al-Malik in 690 alg with Dome of Rock.[12][14] Guy le Strange claims that Abd al-Malik used materials from destroyed Church of Our Lady to build mosque and points to possible evidence that substructures souast corners of mosque are remains of church.[14] In planning his magnificent project Temple Mount, which in effect would turn entire complex into Haram al-Sharif (" Noble Sanctuary"), Abd al-Malik wanted to replace slipshod structure described by Arculf with a more sheltered structure enclosing qibla, a necessary element in his grand scheme. However, entire Haram al-Sharif was meant to represent a mosque. How much he modified aspect of earlier building is unknown, but length of new building is indicated by existence of traces of a bridge leading from Umayyad palace just south of western part of complex. bridge would have spanned street running just outside sourn wall of Haram al-Sharif to give direct access to mosque. Direct access from palace to mosque was a well-known feature in Umayyad period, as evidenced at various early sites. Abd al-Malik shifted central axis of mosque some 40 meters (131 ft) westward, in accord with his overall plan for Haram al-Sharif. earlier axis is represented in structure by niche still known as "mihrab of 'Umar". In placing emphasis Dome of Rock, Abd al-Malik had his architects align his new al-Aqsa Mosque according to positi of Rock, thus shifting main north–south axis of Temple Mount, a line running through Dome of Chain and Mihrab of Umar.
In ctrast, Creswell, while referring to Aphrodito Papyri, claims that Abd al-Malik's s, al-Walid I, recstructed Aqsa Mosque over a period of six mths to a year, using workers from Damascus. Most scholars agree that mosque's recstructi was started by Abd al-Malik, but that al-Walid oversaw its completi. In 713–14, a series of earthquakes ravaged Jerusalem, destroying eastern secti of mosque, which was subsequently rebuilt during al-Walid's rule. In order to finance its recstructi, al-Walid had gold from dome of Rock minted to use as mey to purchase material.[12] Umayyad-built al-Aqsa Mosque most likely measured 112 x 39 meters.[15]
Earthquakes and re-cstructi:
facade and porch of mosque were cstructed and expanded by Fatimids, Crusaders, Mamluks and Ayyubids
In 746, al-Aqsa Mosque was damaged in an earthquake, four years before as-Saffah overthrew Ummayads and established Abbasid Caliphate. secd Abbasid caliph Abu Ja'far al-Mansur declared his intent to repair mosque in 753, and he had gold and silver plaques that covered gates of mosque removed and turned into dinars and dirhams to finance recstructi which ended in 771. A secd earthquake damaged most of al-Mansur's repairs, excluding those made in sourn porti in 774.[14][16] In 780, successor caliph Muhammad al-Mahdi had it rebuilt, but curtailed its length and increased its breadth.[14][17] Al-Mahdi's renovati is known to have written records describing it. In 985, Jerusalem-born Arab geographer al-Muqaddasi recorded that renovated mosque had "fifteen naves and fifteen gates".
In 1033, re was anor earthquake, severely damaging mosque. Fatimid caliph Ali az-Zahir rebuilt and completely renovated mosque between 1034 and 1036. number of naves was drastically reduced from fifteen to seven. Az-Zahir built four arcades of central hall and aisle, which presently serve as foundati of mosque. central aisle was double width of or aisles and had a large gable roof up which dome—made of wood —was cstructed.[12]
Jerusalem was captured by Crusaders in 1099, during Crusade. Instead of destroying mosque—which y called "Solom's Temple"— Crusaders used it as a royal palace and as a stable for horses. In 1119, it was transformed into headquarters for Templar Knights. During this period, mosque underwent some structural changes, including expansi of its norrn porch, and additi of an apse and a dividing wall. A new cloister and church were also built at site, alg with various or structures.[19] Templars cstructed vaulted western and eastern annexes to building; western currently serves as women's mosque and eastern as Islamic Museum.[16]
After Ayyubids under leadership of Saladin recquered Jerusalem after besieging it in 1187, several repairs were undertaken at al-Aqsa Mosque.[21] Saladin's predecessor— Zengid sultan Nur al-Din—had commissied cstructi of a new minbar or "pulpit" made of ivory and wood in 1168–69, but it was completed after his death; Nur ad-Din's minbar was added to mosque in November 1187 by Saladin.[22] Ayyubid sultan of Damascus, al-Mu'azzam, built norrn porch of mosque with three gates in 1218. In 1345, Mamluks under al-Kamil Shaban added two naves and two gates to mosque's eastern side.[16]
After Ottomans seized power in 1517, y did not undertake any major renovatis or repairs to mosque itself, but y did to Temple Mount as a whole. This included building of Fountain of Qasim Pasha (1527), restorati of Pool of Raranj, and building of three free-standing domes— most notable being Dome of Prophet built in 1538. All cstructi was ordered by Ottoman governors of Jerusalem and not sultans mselves.[23] sultans did make additis to existing minarets, however.[23]
Modern era:
dome of mosque in 1982. It was made of aluminum (and looked like silver), but replaced with its original lead plating in 1983
renovati of 20th century occurred in 1922, when Supreme Muslim Council under Amin al-Husayni hired Ahmet Kemalettin Bey—a Turkish architect—to restore al-Aqsa Mosque and muments in its precincts. council also commissied British architects, Egyptian experts and local officials to ctribute to and oversee repairs and additis which were carried out in 1924–25 under Kemalettin's supervisi. renovatis included reinforcing mosque's ancient Ummayad foundatis, rectifying interior columns, replacing beams, erecting a scaffolding, cserving arches and drum of dome interior, rebuilding sourn wall, and replacing timber in central nave with a slab of ccrete. renovatis also revealed Fatimid-era mosaics and inscriptis interior arches that had been covered with plasterwork. arches were decorated with green-tinted gypsum and gold and ir timber tie beams were replaced with brass. A quarter of stained glass windows also were carefully renewed so as to preserve ir original Abbasid and Fatimid designs.[24] Severe damage was caused by 1927 and 1937 earthquakes, but mosque was repaired in 1938 and 1942.
Inscripti above Qibla, Aqsa mosque, depicting Fatimid
mosque seen from Western Wall plaza, 2005
August 21, 1969, a fire occurred inside al-Aqsa Mosque that gutted souastern wing of mosque. Amg or things, fire destroyed Saladin's minbar.[22] Initially, Palestinians blamed Israeli authorities for fire, and some Israelis blamed Fatah, alleging y had started fire so as to blame Israelis and provoke hostility. However, fire was started by neir Fatah nor Israel, but a tourist from Australia named Denis Michael Rohan. Rohan was a member of an evangelical Christian sect known as Worldwide Church of God.[25] He hoped that by burning down al-Aqsa Mosque he would hasten Secd Coming of Jesus, making way for rebuilding of Jewish Temple Temple Mount. Rohan was hospitalized in a mental instituti, found to be insane and was later deported.[26] attack al-Aqsa is cited as e of catalysts for formati of Organizati of Islamic Cference in 1971, which brought toger 57 Islamic countries.]In 1980s, Ben Shoshan and Yehuda Etzi, both members of Gush Emunim Underground, plotted to blow up al-Aqsa mosque and Dome of Rock. Etzi believed that blowing up two mosques would cause a spiritual awakening in Israel, and would solve all problems of Jewish people. y also hoped Third Temple of Jerusalem would be built locati of mosque.[28][29] January 15, 1988, during Intifada, Israeli troops fired rubber bullets and tear gas at protesters outside mosque, wounding 40 worshipers.[30][31] October 8, 1990, 22 Palestinians were killed and over 100 ors injured by Israeli Border Police during riots that were triggered by announcement of Temple Mount Faithful, a fringe group of religious Jews, that y were going to lay cornerste of Third Temple.[32][33]
Architecture:
[/FT][FT=Traditial Arabic][FT=Arial] rectangular al-Aqsa Mosque and its precincts are 144,000 square meters (1,550,003.1 sq ft), although mosque itself is about 35,000 square meters (376,736.9 sq ft) and could hold up to 5,000 worshipers.[34][35] It is 272 feet (83 m) lg, 184 feet (56 m) wide[/FT].[/FT]
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